The method of improving the accuracy of passive finding with the help of automatic calibration of antenna systems

DOI: 10.31673/2412-4338.2024.043110

Abstract

The article focuses on improving the accuracy and fault tolerance of the passive direction-finding method through antenna calibration. Passive direction-finding systems are widely used in radiomonitoring, electronic warfare, navigation, civilian and military communication systems, as well as in electronic intelligence. Their effectiveness depends on the accuracy of operation and resilience to external factors, including interference and noise. The paper examines the amplitude comparison method, which is one of the most common approaches for determining the direction of a signal source. This method is based on measuring the amplitudes of signals received by several antennas positioned at specific angles and subsequently analyzing these values. However, due to external factors such as inhomogeneities in the signal propagation medium or mutual antenna interference, errors may occur, reducing system accuracy. The study proposes an antenna calibration methodology to minimize the influence of these factors. The process of automatic calibration is described, including the use of a standard horn antenna, a spectrum analyzer, and a high-frequency signal generator. An algorithm for collecting and processing amplitude characteristic data is proposed, which allows for the construction of a calibration table that normalizes amplitude ratios and ensures accurate determination of the signal source direction. The proposed approach enhances the reliability of passive direction-finding systems and ensures their efficient operation under the influence of external factors, which is critically important in both military and civilian applications.

Keywords: passive direction finding, antenna systems, automation, calibration, information technology.

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